radical enlightenment professor jonathan i israel

Radical Enlightenment - Professor Jonathan I. Israel

Arguably the most decisive shift in the history of ideas in modern times was the complete demolition during the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries - in the wake of the Scientific Revolution - of traditional structures of authority, scientific thought, and belief, by the new philosophy and the philosophies, culminating in Voltaire, Diderot, and Rousseau. In this revolutionary process which effectively overthrew all justification for monarchy, aristocracy, slavery, and ecclesiastical authority, as well as man''s asendancy over woman and theology''s domination over education and study, substituting the modern principles of equality, democracy, and universality, the Radical Enlightenment played a crucially important part. Despite the present-day interest in the revolutions of the late eighteenth century, the origins and rise of the Radical Enlightenment have been astonishingly little studied, doubtless largely because if its very wide international sweep and the obvious difficulties of fitting it into the restrictive conventions of ''national history'' which until recently tended to dominate all historiography. The greatest obstacle to the Radical Enlightenment finding its proper place in modern historical writing is simply that it was not French, British, German, Italian, Jewish or Dutch, but all of these at the same time. In this novel interpretation of the ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Democratic Enlightenment - Jonathan I. Israel

The Enlightenment shaped modernity. Western values of representative democracy and basic human rights, gender and racial equality, individual liberty, and freedom of expression and the press, form an interlocking system that derives directly from the Enlightenment''s philosophical revolution. This fact is uncontested - yet remarkably few historians or philosophers have attempted to trace the process of ideas from the political and social turmoil of the late eighteenth century to the present day. This is precisely what Jonathan Israel now does. He demonstrates that the Enlightenment was an essentially revolutionary process, driven by philosophical debate. From 1789, its impetus came from a small group of philosophe-revolutionnaires, men such as Mirabeau, Sieyes, Condorcet, Volney, Roederer, and Brissot. Not aligned to any of the social groups who took the lead in the French National assembly, the Paris commune, or the editing of the Parisian revolutionary journals, they nonetheless forged ''la philosophie moderne'' -- in effect Radical Enlightenment ideas -- into a world-transforming ideology that had a lasting impact in Latin America and eastern Europe as well as France, Italy, Germany, and the Low Countries. Whilst all French revolutionary journals clearly stated that la philosophie moderne was the main cause of the French Revolution, ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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The Enlightenment that Failed - Jonathan I. Israel

The Enlightenment that Failed explores the growing rift between those Enlightenment trends and initiatives that appealed exclusively to elites and those aspiring to enlighten all of society by raising mankind''s awareness, freedoms, and educational level generally. Jonathan I. Israel explains why the democratic and radical secularizing tendency of the Western Enlightenment, after gaining some notable successes during the revolutionary era (1775-1820) in numerous countries, especially in Europe, North America, and Spanish America, ultimately failed. He argues that a populist, Robespierriste tendency, sharply at odds with democratic values and freedom of expression, gained an ideological advantage in France, and that the negative reaction this generally provoked caused a more general anti-Enlightenment reaction, a surging anti-intellectualism combined with forms of religious revival that largely undermined the longings of the deprived, underprivileged, and disadvantaged, and ended by helping, albeit often unwittingly, conservative anti-Enlightenment ideologies to dominate the scene. The Enlightenment that Failed relates both the American and the French revolutions to the Enlightenment in a markedly different fashion from how this is usually done, showing how both great revolutions were fundamentally split between bitterly opposed and utterly incompatible ideological tendencies. Radical Enlightenment, which had been an effective ideological challenge to the prevailing monarchical-aristocratic ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Kant’s Rational Religion and the Radical Enlightenment - Dr Anna Tomaszewska

Kant’s defence of religion and attempts to reconcile faith with reason position him as a moderate Enlightenment thinker in existing scholarship. Challenging this view and reconceptualising Kant’s religion along rationalist lines, Anna Tomaszewska sheds light on its affinities with the ideas of the radical Enlightenment, originating in the work of Baruch Spinoza and understood as a critique of divine revelation. Distinguishing the epistemological, ethical and political aspects of such a critique, Tomaszewska shows how Kant’s defence of religion consists of rationalizing its core tenets and establishing morality as the essence of religious faith. She aligns him with other early modern rationalists and German Spinozists and reveals the significance for contemporary political philosophy. Providing reasons for prioritizing freedom of thought, and hence religious criticism, over an unqualified freedom of belief, Kant''s theology approximates the secularising tendency of the radical Enlightenment. Here is an understanding of how the shift towards a secular outlook in Western culture was shaped by attempts to rationalize rather than uproot Christianity.

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Radical Wordsworth - Bate Jonathan

A Times and Sunday Times Best Book of 2020‘Radical Wordsworth deserves to take its place as the finest modern introduction to his work, life and impact’ Financial Times‘Richly repays reading … It is hard to think of another poet who has changed our world so much’ Sunday TimesA dazzling new biography of Wordsworth’s radical life as a thinker and poetical innovator, published to mark the 250th anniversary of his birth.William Wordsworth wrote the first great poetic autobiography. We owe to him the idea that places of outstanding natural beauty should become what he called ‘a sort of national property’. He changed forever the way we think about childhood, about the sense of the self, about our connection to the natural environment, and about the purpose of poetry.He was born among the mountains of the English Lake District. He walked into the French Revolution, had a love affair and an illegitimate child, before witnessing horrific violence in Paris. His friendship with Samuel Taylor Coleridge was at the core of the Romantic movement. As he retreated from radical politics and into an imaginative world within, his influence would endure as he shaped the ideas of thinkers, writers and activists throughout the nineteenth ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Theology and the Enlightenment - The Rev. Professor Paul Avis

Challenging the common assumption that the Enlightenment of the late seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries was an essentially secular, irreligious and atheistic movement, this book critiques this standard interpretation as based on a narrow view of Enlightenment sources. Building on the work of revisionist historians, this volume takes the argument squarely into the theological domain, whether Anglican, Dissenting, Lutheran or deistic, whilst also noting that the Enlightenment deeply affected Roman Catholic and Jewish theologies. It challenges the stereotype of ‘Enlightenment rationalism’, and the penultimate chapter brings out the biblical and ecclesial roots of the image of enlightenment and reclaims it for Christian faith.

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Nazi Germany - Dr Pamela E. Swett, Professor S. Jonathan Wiesen

Nazi Germany provides a comprehensive survey of the National Socialist dictatorship, artfully balancing social and cultural history with a political and military history of the regime.The book unravels the complexities of the daily lives of perpetrators, victims, and bystanders in the ‘Third Reich’, and it also places events in Germany from 1933 to 1945 in a transnational context. Nazi Germany prompts readers to think about not only the historical debates but also the ethical questions that attend the study of this period. Pamela E. Swett and S. Jonathan Wiesen address:*The movement’s ideological origins and the party’s rise to power *The creation of a police state, the use of propaganda, and public support for Nazi ideas and programs *The Nazis’ persecution of religious, racial, and sexual minorities*The place of youth, family, gender, and cultural expression in Nazi society*The transnational influence of Nazism and preparations for war in Germany*The Holocaust, resistance to Nazism, and the Second World WarSwett and Wiesen explore how the violence and racism of the Nazis coexisted alongside Germany’s self-presentation as a ‘normal’ state with happy, productive citizens.Through exposure to the voices of contemporaries, readers will be prompted to consider key questions: How did German democracy give way to ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Enlightenment - Ritchie Robertson

A magisterial work of intellectual history that recasts the Enlightenment as a period not solely consumed with rationale and reason, but rather as a pursuit of practical means to achieve greater human happiness. One of the formative periods of European and world history, the Enlightenment is the fountainhead of modern secular Western values: religious tolerance, freedom of thought, speech and the press, of rationality and evidence-based argument. Yet why, over three hundred years after it began, is the Enlightenment so profoundly misunderstood as controversial, the expression of soulless calculation? The answer may be that, to an extraordinary extent, we have accepted the account of the Enlightenment given by its conservative enemies: that enlightenment necessarily implied hostility to religion or support for an unfettered free market, or that this was the best of all possible worlds. Ritchie Robertson goes back into the long eighteenth century, from approximately 1680 to 1790, to reveal what this much-debated period of European history was really about.Robertson returns to the eras original texts to show that above all, the Enlightenment was really about increasing human happiness in this world rather than the next by promoting scientific inquiry and reasoned argument. In so doing Robertson chronicles the ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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The Enlightenment - J. C. D. Clark

Enlightenment studies are currently in a state of flux, with unresolved arguments among its adherents about its dates, its locations, and the contents of the ''movement''. This book cuts the Gordian knot.There are many books claiming to explain the Enlightenment, but most assume that it was a thing. J. C. D. Clark shows what it actually was, namely a historiographical concept. Currently ''the Enlightenment'' is a term widely accepted across popular culture and in a variety of academic disciplines, notably history, philosophy, political theory, political science, literary studies, and theology; Clark calls for a fundamental reconsideration in each. The Enlightenment: An Idea and Its History provides a critical historical analysis of the Enlightenment in England, Scotland, France, Germany, and the United States from c. 1650 to the present. It argues that the degree of commonality between social and intellectual movements in each--and, more broadly, between the five societies--has been overstated for polemical purposes. Clark shows that the concept of ''the Enlightenment'' was not widely adopted in those societies until the mid-twentieth century; indeed, that it was unknown in the eighteenth. Without the concept, people at the time were unable to act in ways that would have created the Enlightenment as ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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The Israel Decree - Amir Tsarfati

How Should Christians View Israel? For centuries, questions have lingered both within and outside the church: Is modern Israel connected to the Israel of the Old Testament? Do God’s past promises to Israel still apply now? And what does this mean for all Christians today?The Israel Decree provides compelling answers to these questions and more by meticulously tracing the historical, legal, and scriptural foundations of Israel''s God-promised right to the land. Writing with clarity and commitment to biblical truth, bestselling author and native Israeli Amir Tsarfati helps you  understand how today’s Israel is a continuation of the ancient biblical nation, fulfilling a divine promise made millennia ago live with greater expectancy and hope in light of what Bible prophecy says about the rapture and tribulation be encouraged by God’s wonderful character as you see it on display in the ways He cares for Israel—and for you  As you grow in your understanding of God’s steadfast promise to both bless Israel and to bless the world through Israel, you will be inspired by His wonder-working power and equipped to carry out your unique role in His plan with hope and confidence.

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Israel and the Gaza Strip since 1967 - Trude Strand

Following the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Israeli decision-makers opted to conquer, colonise, occupy and dominate the Gaza Strip. Why was this sliver of land - home and refuge to around 400,000 Palestinians - so important to Israel? Why did it come to play a major role in Israeli-Palestinian affairs, Israeli domestic and foreign policy, and – increasingly – Israel’s international relations? This book answers these questions.Placing the Gaza Strip within the context of Zionist ideology and practice and the wider Question of Palestine, the book charts Israel’s Gaza policy from early attempts to put the area under Israeli rule before 1967, and up until the military campaign against Gaza beginning in 2023.Based largely on Israeli archival material, official Israeli records , leaked US, Israeli and Palestinian documents, and international media reports, each chapter interrogates a pivotal moment in Israeli policymaking, its outcome, implementation and implications . While historical accounts and political commentary often suggest Israel has acted in an ad-hoc way based on military developments on the ground, unaware of the consequences of its actions, or the advantages and disadvantages of its policies, the book reveals that this is far from the case.

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Entertainment for Angels, Electricity in the Enlightenment

Electricity was the scientific fashion of the Enlightenment, 'an Entertainment for Angels, rather than for Men'. Lecturers attracted huge audiences to marvel at sparkling fountains, flaming drinks, pirouetting dancers and electrified boys. Enlightenment optimists predicted that this new-found power of nature would cure illnesses, improve crop production, even bring the dead back to life.Benjamin Franklin, better known as one of America's founding fathers, played a key role in developing the new instruments and theories of electricity during the eighteenth century. Celebrated for drawing lightning down from the sky with a kite, Franklin was an Enlightenment expert on electricity, developing one of the most successful explanations of this mysterious phenomenon.But Patricia Fara, Senior Tutor of Clare College Cambridge, reveals how the study of electricity became intertwined with Enlightenment politics. By demonstrating their control of the natural world, Enlightenment philosophers hoped to gain authority over society. And their stunning electrical performances provided dramatic evidence of their special powers.

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Pirate Enlightenment, or the Real Libertalia - David Graeber

'A characteristically radical re-reading of history that places the social and political experiments of pirates at the heart of the European Enlightenment. A brilliant companion volume to the best-selling Dawn of Everything' Amitav GhoshThe Enlightenment did not begin in Europe. Its true origins lie thousands of miles away on the island of Madagascar, in the late seventeenth century, when it was home to several thousand pirates.This was the Golden Age of Piracy - but it was also, argues anthropologist David Graeber, a brief window of radical democracy, as the pirate settlers attempted to apply the egalitarian principles of their ships to a new society on land. In this jewel of a book, Graeber offers a way to 'decolonize the Enlightenment', demonstrating how this mixed community experimented with an alternative vision of human freedom, far from that being formulated in the salons and coffee houses of Europe. Its actors were Malagasy women, philosopher kings and escaped slaves, exploring ideas that were ultimately to be put into practice by Western revolutionary regimes a century later.Pirate Enlightenment playfully dismantles the central myths of the Enlightenment. In their place comes a story about the magic, sea battles, purloined princesses, manhunts, make-believe kingdoms, fraudulent ambassadors, ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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The End of Enlightenment - Whatmore Richard

The Enlightenment is popularly seen as the Age of Reason, a key moment in human history when ideals such as freedom, progress, natural rights and constitutional government prevailed. In this radical re-evaluation, historian Richard Whatmore shows why, for many at its centre, the Enlightenment was a profound failure. By the early eighteenth century, hope was widespread that Enlightenment could be coupled with toleration, the progress of commerce and the end of the fanatic wars of religion that were destroying Europe. At its heart was the battle to establish and maintain liberty in free states – and the hope that absolute monarchies such as France and free states like Britain might even subsist together, equally respectful of civil liberties. Yet all of this collapsed when states pursued wealth and empire by means of war. Xenophobia was rife and liberty itself turned fanatic. The End of Enlightenment traces the changing perspectives of economists, philosophers, politicians and polemicists around the world, including figures as diverse as David Hume, Adam Smith, Edmund Burke and Mary Wollstonecraft. They had strived to replace superstition with reason, but witnessed instead terror and revolution, corruption, gross commercial excess and the continued growth of violent colonialism. Returning us to ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Enlightenment Now - Steven Pinker

INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER A NEW YORK TIMES NOTABLE BOOK OF 2018ONE OF THE ECONOMIST''S BOOKS OF THE YEAR"My new favorite book of all time." --Bill Gates If you think the world is coming to an end, think again: people are living longer, healthier, freer, and happier lives, and while our problems are formidable, the solutions lie in the Enlightenment ideal of using reason and science.Is the world really falling apart? Is the ideal of progress obsolete? In this elegant assessment of the human condition in the third millennium, cognitive scientist and public intellectual Steven Pinker urges us to step back from the gory headlines and prophecies of doom, which play to our psychological biases. Instead, follow the data: In seventy-five jaw-dropping graphs, Pinker shows that life, health, prosperity, safety, peace, knowledge, and happiness are on the rise, not just in the West, but worldwide. This progress is not the result of some cosmic force. It is a gift of the Enlightenment: the conviction that reason and science can enhance human flourishing.Far from being a naïve hope, the Enlightenment, we now know, has worked. But more than ever, it needs a vigorous defense. The Enlightenment project swims against currents ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Friends of Israel - Hil Aked

Friends of Israel provides a forensically researched account of the activities of Israel's advocates in Britain, showing how they contribute to maintaining Israeli apartheid. The book traces the history and changing fortunes of key actors within the British Zionist movement in the context of the Israeli government's contemporary efforts to repress a rising tide of solidarity with Palestinians expressed through the Boycott Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement. Offering a nuanced and politically relevant account of pro-Israel actors' strategies, tactics, and varying levels of success in key arenas of society, it draws parallels with the similar anti-boycott campaign waged by supporters of the erstwhile apartheid regime in South Africa.By demystifying the actors involved in the Zionist movement, the book provides an anti-racist analysis of the pro-Israel lobby which robustly rebuffs anti-Semitic conspiracies. Sensitively and accessibly written, it emphasises the complicity of British actors - both those in government and in civil society. Drawing on a range of sources including interviews with leading pro-Israel activists and Palestinian rights activists, documents obtained through Freedom of Information requests and archival material, Friends of Israel is a much-needed contribution to Israel/Palestine-related scholarship and a useful resource for the Palestine solidarity movement.

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Israel and Civilization - Josh Hammer

A next-generation manifesto declaring that the fate of Western civilization depends on the security and thriving of the Jewish people and the Jewish State of Israel—that the Jewish people’s right to self-determination in their ancestral homeland demands a realist foreign policy, strong US-Israel relations, and a grand alliance of Jews who stand firm and Christians who recognize the centrality of Judaism to the WestIsrael is the West''s man on the spot—the tip of the spear in the battle against Islamist terrorism and secularist nihilism alike. But the old-guard voices advocating for the full support of Israel as a nation-state and as an idea are being drowned out from all sides—theistic, secularist, right, left, and everything in between. To combat the uproars of multiculturalism, postmodern relativism, tolerance, and Jew-hating social media, the time is now for voices from a new generation. We must address modern antisemitism and sound a call not just to accept, but to enthusiastically embrace the centrality of Judaism to the very character of Western civilization. We require a grand alliance: namely, Jews who stand firm and Christians who recognize the civilizational foundations they have built on. In Israel and Civilization, acclaimed journalist, legal expert, and pundit Josh ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Germany and Israel - Daniel Marwecki

A radical reinterpretation of the relationship between two states whose history has always been intertwined, particularly revisiting Germany’s involvement in the Palestinian question. According to common perception, the Federal Republic of Germany supported the formation of the Israeli state for moral reasons--to atone for its Nazi past--but did not play a significant role in the Arab--Israeli conflict. However, the historical record does not sustain this narrative. Daniel Marwecki''s pathbreaking analysis deconstructs the myths surrounding the odd alliance between Israel and post-war democratic Germany. Thorough archival research shows how German policymakers often had disingenuous, cynical or even partly antisemitic motivations, seeking to whitewash their Nazi past by supporting the new Israeli state. This is the true context of West Germany''s crucial backing of Israel in the 1950s and ''60s. German economic and military support greatly contributed to Israel''s early consolidation and eventual regional hegemony. This initial alliance has affected Germany''s role in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict to the present day. Marwecki reassesses German foreign policymaking and identity-shaping, and raises difficult questions about German responsibility after the Holocaust, exploring the many ways in which the genocide of European Jews and the dispossession of the Palestinians have become tragically intertwined in the Middle East''s ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Israel and the Holocaust - Dr Avinoam J. Patt

Avinoam Patt examines the relationship between two of the most significant events in modern Jewish history, the Holocaust and the creation of the state of Israel. While there may be no direct causal connection between the Holocaust and the founding of the Jewish state in 1948, the memory of the Holocaust has been a constant presence in Israeli politics, culture, and society since even before 1948.The State of Israel has always existed in an uneasy relationship with the Shoah. On the one hand, Israel was faced with the challenge of taking in hundreds of thousands of Holocaust survivors as new citizens of the state, many of whom were discouraged from sharing their traumatic wartime experiences with their fellow citizens. On the other hand, the destruction of European Jewry and the failure of Western democracy to protect the Jewish minority in Europe seemed to vindicate the Zionist worldview, even as classical Zionism argued that the Jewish people deserved a state on the basis of their deep historical connection to the Land of Israel. By tracing the evolving relationship to the memory of Shoah, Avinoam Patt argues, we can also trace shifting conceptions of Israeli self-understanding and identity, Israel’s relationship to the ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Israel - Noa Tishby

A “fascinating and very moving” (Aaron Sorkin, award-winning screenwriter of The West Wing and The Social Network) chronological timeline spanning from Biblical times to today that explores one of the most interesting countries in the world—Israel.Israel. The small strip of arid land is 5,700 miles away but remains a hot-button issue and a thorny topic of debate. But while everyone seems to have a strong opinion about Israel, how many people actually know the facts? Here to fill in the information gap is Israeli American Noa Tishby. But “this is not your Bubbie’s history book” (Bill Maher, host of Real Time with Bill Maher). Instead, offering a fresh, 360-degree view, Tishby brings her “passion, humor, and deep intimacy” (Yossi Klein Halevi, New York Times bestselling author of Letters to My Palestinian Neighbor) to the subject, creating an accessible and dynamic portrait of a tiny country of outsized relevance. Through bite-sized chunks of history and deeply personal stories, Tishby chronicles her homeland’s evolution, beginning in Biblical times and moving forward to cover everything from WWI to Israel’s creation to the disputes dividing the country today. Tackling popular misconceptions with an abundance of facts, Tishby provides critical context around headline-generating controversies and ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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The Enlightenment - Anthony Pagden

The Enlightenment and Why It Still Matters tells nothing less than the story of how the modern, Western view of the world was born. Cultural and intellectual historian Anthony Pagden explains how, and why, the ideal of a universal, global, and cosmopolitan society became such a central part of the Western imagination in the ferment of the Enlightenment - and how these ideas have done battle with an inward-looking, tradition-oriented view of the world ever since. Cosmopolitanism is an ancient creed; but in its modern form it was a creature of the Enlightenment attempt to create a new ''science of man'', based upon a vision of humanity made up of autonomous individuals, free from all the constraints imposed by custom, prejudice, and religion. As Pagden shows, this ''new science'' was based not simply on ''cold, calculating reason'', as its critics claimed, but on the argument that all humans are linked by what in the Enlightenment were called ''sympathetic'' attachments. The conclusion was that despite the many tribes and nations into which humanity was divided there was only one ''human nature'', and that the final destiny of the species could only be the creation of one universal, cosmopolitan society. This new ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Introducing the Enlightenment - Lloyd Spencer

"Introducing The Enlightenment" is the essential guide to the giants of the Enlightenment - Voltaire, Diderot, Adam Smith, Samuel Johnson, Immanuel Kant, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson. The Enlightenment of the 18th century was a crucial time in human history - a vast moral, scientific and political movement, the work of intellectuals across Europe and the New World, who began to free themselves from despotism, bigotry and superstition and tried to change the world. "Introducing The Enlightenment" is a clear and accessible introduction to the leading thinkers of the age, the men and women who believed that rational endeavour could reveal the secrets of the universe.

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The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy - John J. Mearsheimer, Stephen M. Walt

Does America’s pro-Israel lobby wield inappropriate control over US foreign policy? This book has created a storm of controversy by bringing out into the open America’s relationship with the Israel lobby: a loose coalition of individuals and organizations that actively work to shape foreign policy in a way that is profoundly damaging both to the United States and Israel itself. Israel is an important, valued American ally, yet Mearsheimer and Walt show that, by encouraging unconditional US financial and diplomatic support for Israel and promoting the use of its power to remake the Middle East, the lobby has jeopardized America’s and Israel’s long-term security and put other countries – including Britain – at risk.

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A Kids Book About Israel & Palestine - Reza Aslan

Open the door to understanding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the path to peace.This is a kidsÂ’ book about Israel & Palestine. It provides context for the historical conflict, opens the door to conversation, and lays a path for understanding, peace, and compassion for a shared future.This book was made to help kids aged 5-9 understand the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Why is it happening? Is peace possible? When kids ask questions like these, grownups arenÂ’t always prepared to answer. A Kids Book About Israel & Palestine addresses this by giving children and their carers the tools they need to unpack and learn about this divisive but important topic.A Kids Book About Israel & Palestine features: A large and bold, yet minimalist font design that allows kids freedom to imagine themselves in the words on the pages.A friendly, approachable, empowering, and child-appropriate tone throughout.An incredible and diverse group of authors in the series who are experts or have first-hand experience of the topic.Tackling important discourse together! The A Kids Book About titles are best used when read together. Helping to kickstart important, challenging, and empowering conversations for kids and their grownups through beautiful and thought-provoking pages. The series supports an incredible and diverse ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Israel-Palestine - Shlomo Sand

Since the brutal massacre perpetrated by Hamas on 7 October and the subsequent bombing and invasion of Gaza, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been thrust back to the centre of the world’s attention. How can this deep-rooted conflict, stretching back for more than 75 years, be brought to an end? What kind of political structure might one day enable Israelis and Palestinians to overcome the seemingly interminable cycle of violence and live in peace with one another?  For many years, politicians and citizens of different persuasions have called for a two-state solution – two independent states, Israel and Palestine, co-existing side by side. This was Shlomo Sand’s view too: a distinguished Israeli historian and political activist on the left, he had long supported the idea of a two-state solution.  But as more and more settlements were built in the occupied West Bank and millions of Palestinians were forced to live in a situation of de facto apartheid, deprived of their basic civil rights and political freedoms, he came to the conclusion that the two-state solution had become an empty formula that no one seriously intended to implement. It was in this context that Sand sought to find an alternative ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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When Israel Was Young - Dr. Lester L. Grabbe

The traumatic history of Israel in the past 2000 years is widely known, but the Jews of ancient Israel and the Mediterranean world also have an exciting history that is less well known. It includes the first references to Israelites in an early Egyptian inscription, the kings of Israel, the Persian province of Yehud, the Greek and Roman rule of Judah, the kingdom of the Maccabees, and the Jewish diaspora in Babylonia and the Greco-Roman world.Lester Grabbe brings together all the historical information and synthesizes it in an understandable way for those with an interest in the early history, culture, and religion of the Jews. Grabbe also explains what has been discovered by archaeologists, Egyptologists, and Assyriologists that is important for understanding the history of ancient Israel. This is not a brief survey, rather an in-depth overview of the history of Israel from one of the most significant scholars of his generation. Serious readers and history and students alike will find this a helpful pathfinder through the history of one of the most fascinating and influential regions in the world.

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The Portable Enlightenment Reader - Isaac Kramnick

The Age of Enlightenment of the 18th century, also called the Age of Reason, was so named for an intellectual movement that shook the foundations of Western civilization. In championing radical ideas such as individual liberty and an empirical appraisal of the universe through rational inquiry and natural experience, Enlightenment philosophers in Europe and America planted the seeds for modern liberalism, cultural humanism, science and technology, and laissez-faire Capitalism This volume brings together works from this era, with more than 100 selections from a range of sources. It includes examples by Kant, Diderot, Voltaire, Newton, Rousseau, Locke, Franklin, Jefferson, Madison, and Paine that demonstrate the pervasive impact of Enlightenment views on philosophy and epistemology as well as on political, social, and economic institutions.

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Dialectic of Enlightenment - Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno

Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer are the leading figures of the Frankfurt School and this book is their magnum opus. Dialectic of Enlightenment is one of the most celebrated works of modern social philosophy that continues to impress in its wide-ranging ambition.Writing just after the Second World War and reflecting on the bureaucracy and myths of National Socialism and the inanity of the dawn of consumerism, Adorno and Horkheimer addressed themselves to a question which went to the very heart of the modern age: 'why mankind, instead of entering into a truly human condition, is sinking into a new kind of barbarism'. Modernity, far from redeeming the promises and hopes of the Enlightenment, had resulted in a stultification of mankind and administered society, characterised by simulation and candy-floss entertainment.Tracing humanity’s modern fall to the very rationality that was to be its liberation, the authors exposed the domination and violence that underpin the Enlightenment project.

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The Enlightenment Project - Lynn Hightower

Cutting-edge science meets demonic possession: the long-awaited new supernatural thriller from award-winning author Lynn Hightower."A spooky, suspenseful masterpiece. Super-recommended!" - LEE CHILD, #1 international bestselling author of the Jack Reacher thrillers"Sensitive characterizations match the imaginative plot. Readers will compulsively turn the pages to see how it all ends" - Publishers Weekly Starred ReviewHave you ever known anyone who survived being possessed? You do now. You''ve met me.Noah Archer is a renowned neurosurgeon, with an impressive success record. He has a happy home, with his beloved wife Moira, their two adopted sons, and a dog who''s a very good girl.But Noah keeps a dark secret, shared only with his old friend Father Perry Cavanaugh. When he was just a boy, he was possessed by a demon - and it was only thanks to the exorcist priest that he survived. Now, Noah works at the cutting edge of medical science and religion, researching the effects of spirituality on the brain. His current research study - The Enlightenment Project - promises breakthrough treatments for depression, addiction and mental illness, and preliminary results are astounding.But after a late-night emergency surgery, Noah returns to his office to find Father Perry waiting for him, with a ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Levinas, Ethics, and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict - Norman K. Swazo

This book engages with the philosophical thought of French-Jewish philosopher Emmanuel Levinas. It studies some of his Talmudic readings and his concern for a Jewish “universal ethics.” It does so in relation to the protracted Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the moral imperatives that apply to the conduct of the State of Israel and the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) vis-à -vis the Palestinian people. The book not only looks at what Levinas understands about the moral “universality” of the Talmud, but also applies this understanding to the assessment of the IDF military operations ongoing in Gaza since 07 October 2023. In this way, the author makes a distinction between the moral teaching of rabbinic Judaism to which Levinas appeals for its universality (on the one hand) and the ideology of political Zionism (on the other hand) to which Levinas subscribed, hence moral critique of the latter required in view of this moral teaching. A unique contribution, this book will be indispensable to scholars and researchers of European philosophy, Jewish ethics, religious studies, Talmudic studies, and contemporary moral philosophy, as well as those interested in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

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What is Enlightenment? Questions for the eighteenth century

A panoramic view of the Age of Enlightenment.From the search for knowledge and a new kind of science to debates about religion, human equality, freedom of mankind, the demand for civil rights, mercantilism, and cosmopolitanism, many issues that the great thinkers of the Enlightenment dealt with are now fundamental to our society. Even today, we are still striving for some of their goals.Prepare in celebration of the three hundredth birthday of Enlightenment philosopher Immanuel Kant in 2024, this book offers the perfect occasion to take a closer look at the long eighteenth century. What were the most important debates at the time? What contradictions and ambivalences, conflicts over concepts, and demands can be revealed today? This comprehensive publication, with contributions by international experts, explores the changing ideas of science, equality, and tolerance of the past and the present.

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SKROSS PA60 India-Israel-Denmark to Europe (PA60)

Cestovní adaptér cestovní adaptér s uzemněním, max. 16A, pro obyvatele ze zemí Indie, Izrael a Dánsko přijíždějící do ČR nebo pro zapojení přívodní šňůry výrobku, zakoupeného v těchto zemích, do českých zásuvek, všechny spotřebiče s 2- a 3-kolíkovou šňůrou Cestovní adaptér SKROSS PA60 India-Israel-Denmark to Europe je určený pro spotřebiče s 2 a 3kolíkovou šňůrou. Umožní použití spotřebičů z Indie, Izraele a Dánska v českých zásuvkách. Vyrobený je z kvalitních materiálů a opatřený dětskou pojistkou. Cestovní adaptér SKROSS PA60 India-Israel-Denmark to Europe představuje praktický doplněk pro všechny vlastnící spotřebiče a zařízení z Indie, Izraele a Dánska. Klíčové vlastnosti cestovního adaptéru SKROSS PA60 India-Israel-Denmark to EuropeCestovní adaptér určený pro spotřebiče s 2 a 3kolíkovou šňůrouUmožní použití spotřebičů z Indie, Izraele a Dánska v českých zásuvkáchVyrobený je z kvalitních materiálůCestovní adaptér SKROSS PA60...

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Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations (1473694744)

Kniha - autor Ronen Bergman, 756 stran, anglicky, brožovaná bez přebalu matná From the very beginning of its statehood in 1948, the instinct to take every measure to defend the Jewish people has been hardwired into Israel's DNA. This is the riveting inside account of the targeted assassinations that have been used countless times, on enemies large and small, sometimes in response to attacks against the Israeli people and sometimes pre-emptively. Rise and Kill First counts their successes, failures and the moral and political price exacted on those who carried out the missions which have shaped the Israeli nation, the Middle East and the entire world.

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Ten Myths About Israel - Ilan Pappé

In this groundbreaking book, the outspoken and radical Israeli historian Ilan Pappe examines the most contested ideas concerning the origins and identity of the contemporary state of Israel. This has been updated with a new afterword on the 2023 invasion of Gaza.1. Palestine was an Empty Land2. The Jews were a people with out a land3. Zionism is Judaism4. Zionism is not Colonialism5. The Palestinians Voluntarily Left their Homelands in 19486. The June 1967 War was a war of 'No Choice'7. Israel is the only democracy in the Middle East8. The Myths about the Oslo Agreement9. The Lies we tell about Gaza10. The two state solution is the only way forward

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The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict - Dov Waxman

No conflict in the world has lasted as long, generated as many news headlines, or incited as much controversy as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Yet, despite, or perhaps because of, the degree of international attention it receives, the conflict is still widely misunderstood. While Israelis and Palestinians and their respective supporters trade accusations, many outside observers remain confused by the conflict''s complexity and perplexed by the passion it arouses.The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: What Everyone Needs to Know® offers an even-handed and judicious guide to the world''s most intractable dispute. Rather than presenting a traditional, narrative history, this book employs an accessible question-and-answer format. Writing in an engaging, jargon-free style, Dov Waxman, a leading expert on the Middle East, provides clear and concise answers to common questions, from the most basic to the most contentious. Covering the conflict from its nineteenth-century origins to the latest developments of the twenty-first century, this book explains the key events, examines the core issues, and presents the competing claims and narratives of both sides. Readers will learn what the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is all about, how it has evolved over time, and why it continues to defy diplomatic efforts at a resolution.

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The Palestine-Israeli Conflict - Dan Cohn-Sherbok, Dawoud El-Alami

An updated edition of this bestselling introduction to the conflictThe essential guide that allows both sides to be heard Rabbi Professor Dan Cohn-Sherbok presents the Israeli perspective, while Dr Dawoud El-Alami presents the Palestinian perspective Updated to cover the most recent events, including the US recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and the May 2021 fighting in Gaza, this bestselling introduction explores the history, motivations and people behind the Palestine–Israel conflict – and assesses the prospects for peace after almost eighty years.

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The Genius of Israel - Dan Senor, Saul Singer

From the co-authors of the New York Times-bestselling Start-Up Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle comes the highly anticipated follow-up, The Genius of Israel, breaking down the defining factors behind Israel's successful trajectory of innovation and explaining how other nations can learn from its development.

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Can You Ever Forgive Me? - Lee Israel

Now a major motion picture starring Melissa McCarthy—Lee Israel’s hilarious and shocking memoir of the astonishing caper she carried on for almost two years when she forged and sold more than three hundred letters by such literary notables as Dorothy Parker, Edna Ferber, Noel Coward, and many others.Before turning to her life of crime—running a one-woman forgery business out of a phone booth in a Greenwich Village bar and even dodging the FBI—Lee Israel had a legitimate career as an author of biographies. Her first book on Tallulah Bankhead was a New York Times bestseller, and her second, on the late journalist and reporter Dorothy Kilgallen, made a splash in the headlines. But by 1990, almost broke and desperate to hang onto her Upper West Side studio, Lee made a bold and irreversible career change: inspired by a letter she’d received once from Katharine Hepburn, and armed with her considerable skills as a researcher and celebrity biographer, she began to forge letters in the voices of literary greats. Between 1990 and 1991, she wrote more than three hundred letters in the voices of, among others, Dorothy Parker, Louise Brooks, Edna Ferber, Lillian Hellman, and Noel Coward—and sold the forgeries to ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Ocelový náramek Junkers pro modely Professor 932

Ocelový náramek Junkers v šířce 22 mm pro modely z řady Professor s označením 932. Řemínek je kompatibilní s těmito modely: Junkers Professor 932.03.12 Junkers Professor 932.02.02.M Junkers Professor 932.03.03 Junkers Professor 932.02.02 Junkers Professor 932.01.03.M Junkers Professor 932.01.03 Junkers Professor 932.01.02.M Junkers Professor 932.01.02

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Enlightenment Now - Steven Pinker

THE TOP TEN SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER''Bristles with pure, crystalline intelligence, deep knowledge and human sympathy'' Richard Dawkins Is modernity really failing? Or have we failed to appreciate progress and the ideals that make it possible?If you follow the headlines, the world in the 21st century appears to be sinking into chaos, hatred, and irrationality. Yet Steven Pinker shows that this is an illusion - a symptom of historical amnesia and statistical fallacies. If you follow the trendlines rather than the headlines, you discover that our lives have become longer, healthier, safer, happier, more peaceful, more stimulating and more prosperous - not just in the West, but worldwide. Such progress is no accident: it''s the gift of a coherent and inspiring value system that many of us embrace without even realizing it. These are the values of the Enlightenment: of reason, science, humanism and progress.The challenges we face today are formidable, including inequality, climate change, Artificial Intelligence and nuclear weapons. But the way to deal with them is not to sink into despair or try to lurch back to a mythical idyllic past; it''s to treat them as problems we can solve, as we have solved other problems in the past. ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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Enlightenment - Sarah Perryová

A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR: NPR, Telegraph, Washington Post, The New Yorker. LONGLISTED FOR THE BOOKER PRIZE. Like A.S. Byatts Possession, Enlightenment is a baroque, genre-bending novel of ideas, ghosts and hidden histories. A richly layered epic....a heartfelt paean to the consolations of the sublime, where religion and science meet." - Telegraph"Read it, then read it again. This is a book full of unexpected wonders." - Literary ReviewFrom the author of The Essex Serpent, a dazzling and character-driven novel of love and astronomy told over the course of twenty years through the lives of two improbable best friends.Thomas Hart and Grace Macaulay have lived all their lives in the small Essex town of Aldleigh. Though separated in age by three decades, the pair are kindred spiritstorn between their commitment to religion and their desire to explore the world beyond their small Baptist community.It is two romantic relationships that will rend their friendship, and in the wake of this rupture, Thomas develops an obsession with a historical mystery surrounding a vanished nineteenth-century astronomer said to haunt a nearby manor, and Grace flees Aldleigh entirely for London. Over the course of twenty years, by coincidence and design, Thomas and Grace will ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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All My Friends Are Invisible - Jonathan Joly

A mesmeric, harrowing and uplifting childhood memoir that will open up much-needed conversations about identity and mental health''This will blow you away''- Stylist''Joly''s prose is sensitive and heartbreaking...darkly compelling'' - Business Post''An extraordinary and thought-provoking memoir'' - Belfast TelegraphIt was an ordinary day in 2016. In Gatwick Airport, Jonathan and his wife Anna were having breakfast with their two little children while waiting for their flight to be called. And then it happened, a familiar sensation that Jonathan hadn''t had for decades: an out-of-body experience that transported him to another place, the safe place he used to escape to in his mind when he was a boy. Because growing up in conservative 1980s Dublin, where there was little tolerance for children who were ''different'', Jonathan Joly was, indeed, a different sort of child: creative, expressive, and - on the inside - a girl. The limitations of the people around him to understand his differences led to years of tyrannical bullying and abuse, forcing him to withdraw within himself to the point of clinical absence. His only chance for survival was the inner world he created for himself, rich with loving and supportive friends and playmates, that only he could see. ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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The Islamic Enlightenment - Christopher de Bellaigue

SHORTLISTED FOR THE BAILLIE GIFFORD PRIZE 2017''An eye-opening, well-written and very timely book'' Yuval Noah Harari''The best sort of book for our disordered days: timely, urgent and illuminating'' Pankaj Mishra''It strikes a blow…for common humanity'' Sunday TimesThe Muslim world has often been accused of a failure to modernise and adapt. Yet in this sweeping narrative and provocative retelling of modern history, Christopher de Bellaigue charts the forgotten story of the Islamic Enlightenment – the social movements, reforms and revolutions that transfigured the Middle East from the early nineteenth century to the present day. Modern ideals and practices were embraced across the region, including the adoption of modern medicine, the emergence of women from purdah and the development of democracy.The Islamic Enlightenment looks behind the sensationalist headlines in order to foster a genuine understanding of Islam and its relationship to the West. It is essential reading for anyone engaged in the state of the world today.

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The Enlightenment's Most Dangerous Woman - Andrew Janiak

Suppressed for centuries, the ideas of French philosopher Émilie Du Châtelet are ever relevant today...Just as the Enlightenment was gaining momentum throughout Europe, philosopher Émilie Du Châtelet broke through the many barriers facing women at the time and published a major philosophical treatise in French. Within a few short years, she became famous: she was read and debated from Russia to Prussia, from Switzerland to England, from up north in Sweden to down south in Italy. This was not just remarkable because she was a woman, but because of the substance of her contributions. While the men in her milieu like Voltaire and Kant sought disciples to promote their ideas, Du Châtelet promoted intellectual autonomy. She counselled her readers to read the classics, but never to become a follower of another''s ideas. Her proclamation that a true philosopher must remain an independent thinker, rather than a disciple of some supposedly “great man” like Isaac Newton or René Descartes, posed a threat to an emerging consensus in the Enlightenment. And that made her dangerous. After all, if young women took Du Châtelet''s advice to heart, if they insisted on thinking for themselves, they might demand a proper education--the exclusion of women ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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The Enlightenment - Kieron O'Hara

Blamed for the bloody disasters of the 20th century: Auschwitz, the Gulags, globalisation, Islamic terrorism; heralded as the harbinger of reason, equality, and the end of arbitrary rule, the Enlightenment has been nothing if not divisive. To this day historians disagree over when it was, where it was, and what it was (and sometimes, still is). Kieron O''Hara deftly traverses these conflicts, presenting the history, politics, science, religion, arts, and social life of the Enlightenment not as a simple set of easily enumerated ideas, but an evolving conglomerate that spawned a very diverse set of thinkers, from the radical Rousseau to the conservative Burke.

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A Cultural History of Theatre in the Age of Enlightenment

French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote, ‘the general effect of the theatre is to strengthen the national character to augment the national inclinations, and to give a new energy to all the passions’. During the Enlightenment, the advancement of radical ideas along with the emergence of the bourgeois class contributed to a renewed interest in theatre’s efficacy, informed by philosophy yet on behalf of politics. While the 18th century saw a growing desire to define the unique and specific features of a nation’s drama, and audiences demanded more realistic portrayals of humanity, theatre is also implicated in this age of revolutions. A Cultural History of Theatre in the Age of Enlightenment examines these intersections, informed by the writings of key 18th-century philosophers. Richly illustrated with 45 images, the ten chapters each take a different theme as their focus: institutional frameworks; social functions; sexuality and gender; the environment of theatre; circulation; interpretations; communities of production; repertoire and genres; technologies of performance; and knowledge transmission.

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Enlightenment - Sarah Perryová

A BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR: NPR, Telegraph, Washington Post, The New Yorker. LONGLISTED FOR THE BOOKER PRIZE. Like A.S. Byatts Possession, Enlightenment is a baroque, genre-bending novel of ideas, ghosts and hidden histories. A richly layered epic....a heartfelt paean to the consolations of the sublime, where religion and science meet." - Telegraph"Read it, then read it again. This is a book full of unexpected wonders." - Literary ReviewFrom the author of The Essex Serpent, a dazzling and character-driven novel of love and astronomy told over the course of twenty years through the lives of two improbable best friends.Thomas Hart and Grace Macaulay have lived all their lives in the small Essex town of Aldleigh. Though separated in age by three decades, the pair are kindred spiritstorn between their commitment to religion and their desire to explore the world beyond their small Baptist community.It is two romantic relationships that will rend their friendship, and in the wake of this rupture, Thomas develops an obsession with a historical mystery surrounding a vanished nineteenth-century astronomer said to haunt a nearby manor, and Grace flees Aldleigh entirely for London. Over the course of twenty years, by coincidence and design, Thomas and Grace will ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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The Enlightenment - Norman Hampson

Armed with the insights of the scientific revolution, the men of the Enlightenment set out to free mankind from its age-old cocoon of pessimism and superstition and establish a more reasonable world of experiment and progress. Yet by the 1760s, this optimism about man and society had almost evaporated. In the works of Rousseau, Kant and Goethe, there was discernible a new inner voice, and an awareness of individual uniqueness which had eluded their more self-confident predecessors. The stage was set for the revolutionary crisis and the rise of Romanticism. In this book, Norman Hampson follows through certain dominant themes in the Enlightenment, and describes the contemporary social and political climate, in which ideas could travel from the salons of Paris to the court of Catherine the Great - but less easily from a master to his servant. On such vexed issues as the role of ideas in the "rise of the middle class" he provides a new and realistic approach linking intellectual and social history.

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Atisha's Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment - Atisha, Geshe Sonam Rinchen

Atisha''s most celebrated text sets forth the entire Buddhist pathAtisha, the eleventh-century Indian Buddhist scholar and saint, came to Tibet at the invitation of the king of Western Tibet, Lha Lama Yeshe Wo, and his nephew, Jangchub Wo. His coming initiated the period of the second transmission of Buddhism to Tibet, formative for the Sakya Kagyu and Gelug traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.Atisha''s most celebrated text, Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment, sets forth the entire Buddhist path within the framework of three levels of motivation on the part of the practitioner. Atisha''s text thus became the source of the lamrim tradition, or graduated stages of the path to enlightenment, an approach to spiritual practice incorporated within all schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Radical Candor - Kim Scottová

A practical guide to those bewildered or exhausted by management, written for bosses and those who manage bosses.Drawing on years of first-hand experience, Radical Candor shows you how to be successful while retaining your integrity and humanity. From Kim Scott, former manager at Google and Apple, and CEO coach to Silicon Valley.''Reading Radical Candor will help you build, lead, and inspire teams to do the best work of their lives'' – Sheryl Sandberg, former chief operating officer at Meta (Facebook) and author of Lean InIf you don''t have anything nice to say then don''t say anything at all . . . right?While this advice may work for home life, as Kim Scott has seen first hand, it is a disaster when adopted by managers in the work place.Scott earned her stripes as a highly successful manager at Google before moving to Apple where she developed a class on optimal management. Radical Candor draws directly on her experiences at these cutting edge companies to reveal a new approach to effective management that delivers huge success by inspiring teams to work better together by embracing fierce conversations.Radical Candor is the sweet spot between managers who are obnoxiously aggressive on the one side ... Unknown localization key: "more"

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