English for life: beginner: class audio cds

An easy-to-use course for adults who either want to learn English quickly for a specific purpose - such as travel - or who just prefer a much more straightforward approach to learning. Each page is one complete lesson, and each lesson has just one learning focus. Teacher support includes an interleaved Teacher's Book, extra materials, and resources for interactive whiteboards. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

An easy-to-use course for adults who either want to learn English quickly for a specific purpose - such as travel - or who just prefer a much more straightforward approach to learning. Each page is one complete lesson, and each lesson has just one learning focus. Teacher support includes an interleaved Teacher's Book, extra materials, and resources for interactive whiteboards. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Updated with new texts, topics and themes, Headway 5th edition provides fresh and relevant English instruction that is tailored to your students' needs. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

This updated course, now over seven levels, gives you even more brain-challenging activities and cross-curricular lessons. With more opportunities for speaking and more Cambridge English: Young Learners practice, your class will learn Incredible English and more! Activities that appeal to all learner types and develop thinking skills and civic education. Great support for speaking and story-telling with animations, face masks and finger puppets for acting out the story, and tear out story books to take home More Cambridge English: Young Learners support and practice and a new testing programme with more self-evaluation and more revision. New Starter Level for learners who are not yet reading and writing. More variety of text types for reading including longer, cross-cultural texts and more structure for writing skills with personalized writing activities and more grammar practice. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

English in Mind je čtyřdílný kurz pro teenagery. Každý díl obsahuje 16 oddílů začleněných do 4 modulů (80 – 90 vyučovacích hodin). Popis: English in Mind is a four-level course for teenagers. Each level contains 16 units grouped into four modules. Clear learning objectives at the beginning of each module, plus 'Check your Progress' sections at the end, help students and teachers plan learning more effectively.Each level of the course provides 80-90 hours of class work with extra photocopiable activities and tests in the Teacher’s Resource Pack. The Workbook comes with a free CD combining interactive CD-ROM and audio material.The course can be used with mixed-ability classes. The Starter level is for complete beginners. Level 1 is for elementary students and contains a 16-page starter section to revise key language. Levels 2 and 3 take students from pre-intermediate to intermediate level. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

This best selling course has been thoroughly revised to meet the needs of today's business and economics students. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

The English File fourth edition Class Audio CDs support teaching in class and contain recordings from the Student's Book. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

The English File fourth edition Class Audio CDs support teaching in class and contain recordings from the Student's Book. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

The English File fourth edition Class Audio CDs support teaching in class and contain recordings from the Student's Book. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Cambridge English for Engineering develops the communication skills and specialist English language knowledge of engineering professionals, enabling them to communicate more confidently and effectively with colleagues and customers. The ten standalone units cover topics common to all kinds of engineering (including civil, electrical and mechanical) such as procedures and precautions; monitoring and control; and engineering design. Authentic activities, from describing technical problems and suggesting solutions to working with drawings, make the course relevant and motivating. The course requires no specialist knowledge on the part of the teacher and comprehensive teacher's notes are available online. It is also ideal for self-study. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

The English File fourth edition Class Audio CDs support teaching in class and contain recordings from the Student's Book. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

The English File fourth edition Class Audio CDs support teaching in class and contain recordings from the Student's Book. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

A short self-study or classroom course (40-60 hours) for professionals and students who need to apply for jobs in English. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

A new edition of the best-selling English File, improved throughout with brand new digital components to use inside and outside the classroom. English File Third edition – the best way to get your students talking. The English File concept remains the same – fun, enjoyable lessons which get students talking through the right mix of language, motivation, and opportunity – but now the content and the components have been updated and improved for students and teachers. The English File third edition digital components help to make the most of teaching and learning opportunities inside and outside the classroom. The digital package includes: iTools (a digital classroom resource), iTutor and iChecker for students, Pronunciation App for mobiles, Online Workbook, Student's and Teacher's websites. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

(patro.cz)

Audiokniha na CD - autor Paul Radley; Daniela Simons New Horizons is a four-level upper secondary course that sets achievable goals and builds confidence. New Horizons includes 100% new content and updated exam training to prepare students for the B1 school-leaving exam. A wide range of topics engage teenagers’ interest and provide essential vocabulary. Practical grammar exercises then build students’ confidence in communication. Key futures •Brand-new features, fun activities and 100% rewritten texts and exercises •Clear structure and a moderate pace to suit classes with lower weekly contact hours, or mixed-ability classes •Dual entry points at levels 1 and 2 mean that students can work towards the B1 exam at their own pace •Updated and systematic exam training in levels 3 and 4 prepare students for the different requirements of their school-leaving exams •Language review at the end of every two units recycles and revises language as the course... (alza.cz)

(patro.cz)

An innovative, five-level beginner's course for young learners from the age of 10. Key features Project brings English to life through motivating topics within a structured learning environment. It provides a clearly-structured, supportive framework of grammar with the flexibility to allow students to make their own discoveries. Language is presented in stimulating, realistic contexts. A high profile is given to skills development from the start of the course. Cross-curricular project work encourages students to communicate in English about their own lives and experiences. The strong cultural element helps students to establish a connection between language and life. Students are encouraged to learn about life in Britain and other English-speaking countries, as well as to explore differences and draw comparisons with their own cultures. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

A two-level, topic-based course with an emphasis on culture for children who have done two years of reading and writing. Happy Earth bridges the gap between primary and secondary courses.Key features A balance of world information, cartoon fun, songs, and raps. Clear signposting of language structures, providing an introduction to grammar. Plays for reading aloud and acting. A rich variety of reading tasks. iTools resource disk with digital classroom resources, worksheet builder, and test builder. Photocopiable Teacher's Resource Books including materials for mixed ability classes. Material to prepare students for the Cambridge Young Learners examinations. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Project third edition is a five-level primary and secondary English course, trusted by teachers and loved by students worldwide. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

• Oblíbený čtyřdílný kurz pro mládež vhodný pro střední odborné školy, střední odborná učiliště, ale také nižší třídy gymnázií.• Tématicky plně odráží zájmy, potřeby a vkus mladé generace.• Jedinečný opakovací systém procvičování a upevňování jazyka.• Živá, moderní angličtina prezentovaná ve fotopříbězích nabízí i mnoho příležitostí ke srovnání obou kultur.• Učitelská příručka pomůže učitelům s informacemi, které se týkají reálií v Británii a USA, dále nabízí testy ke každé lekci a spoustu dalších aktivit, které můžete využít ve třídě s rozdílnou úrovní jazyka.• Ke všem dílům anglicko-český slovníček s výslovností (v jedné brožurce).• Zdarma k dispozici plakáty k dílům 1, 2, 3, 4, doplňková četba a testy k dílům 1 a 2.• Doložka MŠMT č. j. 33 507/98-23/230. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

poslechové CD ke kurzu pro dospělé a mládež (knihydobrovsky.cz)

• Oblíbený čtyřdílný kurz pro mládež vhodný pro střední odborné školy, střední odborná učiliště, ale také nižší třídy gymnázií.• Tématicky plně odráží zájmy, potřeby a vkus mladé generace.• Jedinečný opakovací systém procvičování a upevňování jazyka.• Živá, moderní angličtina prezentovaná ve fotopříbězích nabízí i mnoho příležitostí ke srovnání obou kultur.• Učitelská příručka pomůže učitelům s informacemi, které se týkají reálií v Británii a USA, dále nabízí testy ke každé lekci a spoustu dalších aktivit, které můžete využít ve třídě s rozdílnou úrovní jazyka.• Ke všem dílům anglicko-český slovníček s výslovností (v jedné brožurce).• Zdarma k dispozici plakáty k dílům 1, 2, 3, 4, doplňková četba a testy k dílům 1 a 2.• Doložka MŠMT č. j. 33 507/98-23/230. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

New Horizons is a four-level upper secondary course that sets achievable goals and builds confidence. New Horizons includes 100% new content and updated exam training to prepare students for the B1 school-leaving exam. A wide range of topics engage teenagers’ interest and provide essential vocabulary. Practical grammar exercises then build students’ confidence in communication. Key futuresBrand-new features, fun activities and 100% rewritten texts and exercisesClear structure and a moderate pace to suit classes with lower weekly contact hours, or mixed-ability classesDual entry points at levels 1 and 2 mean that students can work towards the B1 exam at their own paceUpdated and systematic exam training in levels 3 and 4 prepare students for the different requirements of their school-leaving examsLanguage review at the end of every two units recycles and revises language as the course progresses (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Tried, tested, trusted ... and now even better! Teachers all over the world trust Project. This brand-new edition has been improved and updated in direct response to feedback from teachers. The tried and tested methodology, together with the wide range of material presenting real language in real contexts, will inspire a new generation of English learners from the ages of 9-10 years. Key features •New, clear vocabulary sections added to the grammar-based syllabus and integrated skills work. •Texts, topics and activities such as cartoons, traditional songs and stories and project work will all appeal to students. •'English across the curriculum' pages provide students with the language they need to discuss school subjects in English. •Culture sections within each unit enable students to explore differences and draw comparisons with their own cultural backgrounds. •Brand-new Culture DVD offers a wealth of visual material showing aspects of life in Britain and other English-speaking countries. •New Workbook Pack supports learner independence: the CD-ROM includes interactive exercises and selected material from the Culture DVD, and the Workbook itself contains graded exercises, progress checks, and clear 'can-do' statements after every unit, reflecting the Common European Framework. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Project third edition encourages students to enjoy the process of learning, through updated content and a wealth of materials. It motivates students with engaging texts, topics, and activities across all five levels. The logical structure and clear approach provide a solid base for learning, as the course presents real language in real contexts. Expanded culture and revision sections in the new edition provide additional activities and practice for students, and further resources for teachers. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Tried, tested, trusted ... and now even better! Teachers all over the world trust Project. This brand-new edition has been improved and updated in direct response to feedback from teachers. The tried and tested methodology, together with the wide range of material presenting real language in real contexts, will inspire a new generation of English learners from the ages of 9-10 years. Key featuresNew, clear vocabulary sections added to the grammar-based syllabus and integrated skills work.Texts, topics and activities such as cartoons, traditional songs and stories and project work will all appeal to students.'English across the curriculum' pages provide students with the language they need to discuss school subjects in English.Culture sections within each unit enable students to explore differences and draw comparisons with their own cultural backgrounds.Brand-new Culture DVD offers a wealth of visual material showing aspects of life in Britain and other English-speaking countries.New Workbook Pack supports learner independence: the CD-ROM includes interactive exercises and selected material from the Culture DVD, and the Workbook itself contains graded exercises, progress checks, and clear 'can-do' statements after every unit, reflecting the Common European Framework. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Nové vydání učebnice Inside Out přináší nové materiály (texty, nahrávky, témata), avšak zachovává si hlavní vlastnosti původního vydání, které byly u učitelů i studentů tak oblíbené - personalised speaking tasks a anecdotes. Hlavní koncept zůstává stejný - umožnit studentům dosáhnout co nejlepších výsledků v dovednosti, které si cení nejvíce - v mluvení a konverzaci. - poslechové CD Popis:New Inside Out je reakcí na připomínky a náměty tisíců studentů a učitelů, kteří používají Inside Out a zúčastnili se výzkumu vedeného nakladatelstvím Macmillan. Nové vydání učebnice Inside Out přináší nové materiály (texty, nahrávky, témata), avšak zachovává si hlavní vlastnosti původního vydání, které byly u učitelů i studentů tak oblíbené - personalised speaking tasks a anecdotes.Hlavní koncept zůstává stejný - umožnit studentům dosáhnout co nejlepších výsledků v dovednosti, které si cení nejvíce - v mluvení a konverzaci.NovinkyNew Inside Out obsahuje tyto nové prvky:jasně označené oddíly v učebnici (Reading, Grammar, Pronunciation, Vocabulary apod.)Useful phrases - oddíly s praktickými obraty, které studenti mohou ihned využítCD-ROM - každá učebnice nyní obsahuje výukový CD-ROM určený k samostudiu nebo při práci v počítačové učebněDVD - videoprogram na DVD, který doplňuje témata ve Student's BookTeacher's Book obsahuje kopírovatelné materiály (Resource Pack)New Inside Out nyní obsahuje oddíly Grammar, které ještě více pomáhají učiteli při výuce gramatiky, kterou si studenti mohou procvičit více v oddílech Grammar Extra na konci učebniceoddíly Vocabulary Extra na konci každé lekce procvičují a opakují osvojenou slovní zásobuInternetInternetová stránka www.insideout.net obsahuje další informace , které vám umožní seznámit se s učebnicí New Inside Out, a materiály, které můžete využít při výuce.K této učebnici je k dispozici e-learning Macmillan Practice Online. Internetové kurzy angličtiny Macmillan Practice Online nabízí flexibilitu a nezávislost. Studenti mohou přistupovat k MPO z kteréhokoli počítače připojeného k internetu - ve třídě, doma, v práci, na cestách nebo v internetové kavárně. Není potřeba nic instalovat ani nastavovat. MPO funguje na všech počítačích s internetovým vyhledávačem. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

The face2face Class Audio CDs contain all the listening material for the Student's Book. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

International Express combines general English with business situations, giving students the social and functional English they need to work, travel, and socialize. International Express is a course for adult professional learners who need English for work, and for communication in out-of-work functional contexts, such as travel or socializing. The balance of general and business English is suitable for those who need to interact in a variety of situations both in and out of the workplace. The NEW video footage on the Student's DVD-ROM and Teacher's DVD brings the outside world into the classroom, and provides additional speaking and listening practice. Key FeaturesFunctional language ready for immediate useBalance of general and business English that is more directly relevant to adult professionalsNEW video footage with every level to improve students' listening and speaking skillsStudent-centred approach, mature lifestyle topics, and authentic international contexts to reflect the real needs and interests of working adultsRegular review units and self-study options in the Workbook and handy Pocket Book (knihydobrovsky.cz)

An enhanced edition of the popular English course for secondary students, now with a multi-dimensional package to cater to a range of abilities in the classroom. A new, refreshed edition of the five-level English course for teenagers, with a clear structure, supported approach to speaking, practice, and exam preparation still at its heart. Solutions has been thoroughly modernized with 80% new content to draw in students, embed the grammar and vocabulary presented, and engage them in the tasks. Its guided approach builds up every student’s confidence, through step-by-step objectives, lots of practice, meaningful personalization activities, and exam preparation tasks. The course now embraces a wide range of teaching methods, furnishing the teacher with a flexible pick-and-choose package for use in the classroom, at home, and on the move. The digital elements of the course enliven the material and allow teachers to vary the pace and focus of their lessons. Solutions turns all students into active learners, by offering a rich variety of learning opportunities for a whole range of abilities through extension and revision activities in all components - giving everyone a sense of achievement whatever their level. Key features •Lesson-per-page structure with achievable goals, clear signposting of the skill being practised, and gradual build-up to a productive outcome, gives everyone a sense of achievement after every class •Updated, motivating texts with effective vocabulary exploitation activities for increased engagement and active practice •Speaking is integrated into all lessons, with step-by-step guidance leading to real-life practice, to make the activities meaningful and memorable •Workbooks with integrated audio, either in a print + audio CD combination, or online with built-in audio and an automated marking system, offer students a huge amount of listening practice while giving the teacher the option of reducing their marking load •Productive tasks, ‘Check your work’ features, Exam Strategy boxes, and opportunities for home learning through the Online Workbook and Words phone app all help to involve the students actively in their learning process and build their confidence in preparation for exams •DVD-ROM material for every Culture, Reading, or Speaking lesson in the Student’s Book reinforces the grammar and vocabulary being taught and presents it in a different, student-appealing context •iTools material and extra activities on the Teacher’s Resource CD-ROM allow the teacher to vary the pace and focus of the lesson, and tailor the material in a mixed-ability classroom setting •The Words phone apps offer fun, ‘on the move’ vocabulary reference and practice, giving students control over their vocabulary revision (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Kniha - anglicky (alza.cz)

face2face Second edition is the flexible, easy-to-teach, 6-level course (A1 to C1) for busy teachers who want to get their adult and young adult learners to communicate with confidence. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Popis edice: International Express combines general English with business situations, giving students the social and functional English they need to work, travel, and socialize. International Express is a course for adult professional learners who need E (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Updated with new texts, topics and themes, Headway 5th edition provides fresh and relevant English instruction that is tailored to your students' needs. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

General English for adults Fourth Edition A fully revised and updated edition which challenges students to make real progress at intermediate level. With language input and skills development, students have a complete syllabus with grammar at its core. And throughout the book, Music of English and Spoken English show learners how to use tone, stress, and informal phrases to express the right meaning - and sound natural - when speaking. Key features •Integrated-skills syllabus with a clear grammar focus •Everyday English in every unit •Music of English for stress and intonation •Spoken English for informal, natural-sounding language in conversation •Reference material - tapescripts, grammar, extra class materials, word lists, verb patterns, irregular verbs, and phonetic symbols (knihydobrovsky.cz)

A brand-new edition of the best-selling course, maintaining the successful core content but updated and refreshed. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Jazyková úroveň:(False) Beginner až IntermediatePopis:Učebnice, učebnice s CD-Rom, český pracovní sešit, učitelská příručka, kazety, audio CD, videoHlavní rysy:• Je určený pro studenty středních škol ve věku 14-19 let• Každý díl je určený pro jeden školní rok• Gramatika je prezentována v kontextu s rozhovory a je systematicky procvičována• Novinka 2006 české pracovní sešity• Novinka 2006 učebnice s CD-Romem• Novinka 2006 video Interviews• Zpracovává témata k maturitní zkoušce• Obsahuje také nepovinné lekce s dalším procvičováním• Kulturní oddíly poukazují na různé aspekty života v různých zemích• Doložka (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Updated with new texts, topics and themes, Headway 5th edition provides fresh and relevant English instruction that is tailored to your students' needs. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

The third edition of the best-selling course, maintaining the successful core content but updated and refreshed. Language levels: Beginner, Elementary, Pre-Intermediate, Intermediate, Upper Intermediate Key features •Streamlined units, now at eight pages. They are easy to navigate, with clearly divided sections. •Fresh modern design, with an emphasis on maximum clarity on the page. •Every aspect of the previous edition has been reviewed. There are small changes to make activities run more smoothly, as well as major changes to text and topic. •The clear, systematic, effective grammar syllabus has been retained, but has been modified where necessary for even greater clarity. •Grammar Spots highlight key areas, getting students to analyse form and use. •Up-to-date texts with global appeal reflect changing trends and the use of English worldwide. •Challenging reading and listening texts from a variety of authentic sources develop comprehension skills and integrate speaking practice, usually personalised. •Writing now has a separate section at the back of the book, with a fuller syllabus, providing models and follow-up activities (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Solutions' simple structure and guided approach to learning supports and motivates students to use language confidently. The Student's Book and digital resources provide achievable activities and consistent practice. Exam pages and online practice tests also thoroughly prepare students for school-leaving exams. The course develops language and skills so that speaking becomes frequent and familiar. Teachers who use Solutions say that by the end of each lesson 'every student spoke!' (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Updated with new texts, topics and themes, Headway 5th edition provides fresh and relevant English instruction that is tailored to your students' needs. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Solutions has been thoroughly modernized with 80% new content to draw in students, embed the grammar and vocabulary presented, and engage them in the tasks. Its guided approach builds up every student's confidence, through step-by-step objectives, lots of practice, meaningful personalization activities, and exam preparation tasks. The course now embraces a wide range of teaching methods, furnishing the teacher with a flexible pick-and-choose package for use in the classroom, at home, and on the move. The Words app enchances independent learning while iTools enables you to enliven the material and vary the pace and focus of your lessons. Solutions turns all students into active learners, by offering a rich variety of learning opportunities for a whole range of abilities through extension and revision activities in all components - giving everyone a sense of achievement whatever their level. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

An English secondary course for students aged 12-16 years A supportive course that helps students of all abilities build confidence through graded practice. The flexible package makes it ideal for mixed-ability classes, and varying teaching loads. Online Practice provides extra activities for the classroom or home that teachers can track. English Plus develops students' communication skills through a structured and methodical approach, helping students to achieve their individual learning outcomes in every lesson. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Learn English with this fun course for complete beginners. Simple exercises and lively audio will have you speaking and reading more than 500 words in no time! The perfect introduction to English vocabulary and grammar, English for Everyone Junior: Beginner's Course provides children aged 6-9 with the support they need as they take the first steps towards learning English as a foreign language. Equally effective for home study or the classroom, this carefully levelled English-language course assumes no previous knowledge of English. It takes children through the basics of the language, helping them use and understand elementary English clearly and confidently. The book is carefully aligned to the pre-A1 level of the internationally recognized CEFR framework, and covers all the material necessary to prepare for the Cambridge (Pre-A1 Starters) and Trinity GESE (Grade 1) exams. Vocabulary is taught through attractive illustrations, and reinforced with audio resources. Each language/grammar point is explained in a dedicated panel, accompanied by clear examples of how it's used, and reinforced by exercises. At the back, there is a handwriting guide, grammar overview, and a glossary of language terms used throughout the book. Building on the worldwide success of the English for Everyone series, the Junior Beginner's Course contains everything a child needs to acquire a firm grasp of English in a fun and interactive way. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

To improve your listening skills, you need to hear real conversations. Thats why Collins Listening is based entirely on 50 authentic everyday interactions to help you understand what is said to you, whatever the circumstances. From buying a mobile phone to asking for directions, joining a gym to understanding transport announcements, Listening will help you understand what is said to you in real life situations and make sure everything you learn is useful. Twenty 4page units with exercises and vocabulary work to help you understand differences in pronunciation and vocabulary Authentic recordings of both native and nonnative speakers of English, covering a wide variety of accents from around the world Recordings include facetoface conversations, public announcements, telephone calls, bookings, shopping scenarios and more Additional real vocabulary for everyday life, taken from the COBUILD English corpus (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Popis edice: One page. One lesson. One focus. Everything you look for in an English course, made simple. Key features Perfectly simple: each lesson is just one page, needing no teaching preparation - simply 'pick up and teach'. Distinct language points i (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Fourth edition of the best-selling Cambridge English: First (FCE) course, updated to prepare for the 2015 revised exam. (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Complete Advanced provides thorough preparation for the revised 2015 Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) exam. This pack consists of the Student's Book with answers with CD-ROM and Class Audio CDs. The Student's Book fully prepares students to tackle ea (knihydobrovsky.cz)

Join Us for English is a fun course for young learners aged 7-10 years. Join Us for English is a fully updated new edition of the highly successful Join In. This five-level course for young learners provides a motivating and enjoyable way to learn English. Join Us for English has been thoroughly restructured for optimum clarity and ease of use, and includes new artwork, topics, cartoon stories and songs. The revised course ties in with Common European Framework guidelines: It includes cross-curricular content and creates opportunities for self-assessment and portfolio building. It includes new culture pages, 'Project Time' and writing activities from level 2 onwards, plus a separate Language Portfolio for each level. The writing syllabus is specially designed to develop this skill in a fun and meaningful way. In the higher levels 'Look!' sections highlight key grammar structures which are then summarised in a 'Grammar Focus' at the end of the Pupil's Books. Key features Animated videos bring the songs and action stories to life. Like the separate Songs CDs they include both sung and karaoke versions of the songs. The clear and comprehensive Teacher's Books provide many additional activities including page-by-page ideas for mixed-ability classes. The course is based on the theory of Multiple Intelligences and contains a variety of activities to meet the needs of children with differing learning styles. Total Physical Response activities at the heart of the course support language comprehension and recall. Regular revision sections in the Pupil's Book and full-colour Activity Book allow pupils to consolidate their learning. Culture pages introduce pupils to various aspects of life in English-speaking countries, promoting cross-cultural awareness and respect. (knihydobrovsky.cz)